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All About Islamic Republic of Iran

Iran covers an area of 1,648,000 sq. km and is bounded on the North by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea, on the East by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the South by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, on the West by Iraq, and on the North West by Turkey, with a total land boundary length of 5,440 km. The coastline is 2,440 km. The shoreline on the Caspian Sea is 740 km. Iran's territory includes several islands in the Persian Gulf.
Iran's capital city, Tehran, is located in the northwestern part of the country.

POPULATION
Iran's population was estimated to total 79,926,270 in 2016.

LANGUAGES
Farsi, commonly called Persian in the West, is the official language of Iran. About 58% of the population speaks Persian or Persian dialects, 26% Turkic or Turkic dialects, 9% Kurdish, 2% Luri, 1% Balochi, 1% Arabic, 1% Turkish, and 2% other.

RELIGION
Iran is the only Islamic country where Shia Muslims hold the reins of power.

POLITICS
The long history of Iran has witnessed many conquerors, wise rulers and statesmen, artists, poets, historians, and philosophers.
Persian rulers of the pre-Christian era include Cyrus ("the Great"; Kurush, r.550–529 BC), Cambyses II (Kambuiya, r.529–522 BC), Darius I ("the Great"; Darayavaush, r.521–486 BC), Xerxes I ("the Great"; Khshayarsha, r.486–465 BC), and Artaxerxes I (Artakhshathra, r.464–424 BC). Shah 'Abbas (r.1587–1628) expanded Persian territory and conquered Baghdad. Prominent political figures of modern times are Reza Shah Pahlavi (1877–1944), who reigned from 1925 to his abdication in 1941; and his son, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–80), who was shah from 1941 until his abdication in 1979. Until his death in 1989, Iran was under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900–89). Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (b.1939) took over the position of Supreme Leader upon Khomeini's death.

NOTED PEOPLE
The great epic poet Firdawsi (Abdul Qasim Hassan ibn-i-Ishaq ibn-i Sharafshah, 940–1020), writing about ad 1000, produced the Shahnama (Book of Kings) dealing with four ancient dynasties and full of romantic and heroic tales that retain their popularity today. Omar Khayyam, astronomer and poet, is known in the Western world for his Rubáiyât, a collection of quatrains freely translated by Edward Fitzgerald. Important figures of the Seljuk period (11th and 12th centuries) include Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111), philosopher and mystic theologian, who exerted an enormous influence upon all later speculative thought in Islam; Farid ad-Din 'Attar (Muhammad bin Ibrahim), one of the greatest of mystic poets; and Nizami (Nizam ad-Din Abu Muhammad, 1141–1202), noted for four romantic epic poems that were copied and recopied by hand and illuminated with splendid miniatures. In the 13th century, Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1207–73) compiled his celebrated long mystic poem, the Mathnavi, in rhyming couplets; and Sa'di (Muslih ud-Din, 1184?–1291), possibly the most renowned Iranian poet within or outside of Iran, composed his Gulistan (Rose Garden) and Bustan (Orchard). About a hundred years later, in 1389, another poet of Shiraz died, Hafiz (Shams ud-Din Muhammad); his collected works comprise nearly 700 poems, all of them ghazals or lyrical odes.
Poets of the modern period include Iraj Mirza (1880–1926), Mirzadeh Eshqi (d.1924), Parveen Ettasami (d.1941), and the poet laureate Behar (Malik ash-Shuara Bahar, d.1951). Preeminent among prose writers was Sadeq Hedayat (1903–51), author of the novel Buf i kur (The Blind Owl) and numerous other works, including films. Azar Nafisi (b.1955) is an Iranian-born professor and writer residing in the United States whose book Reading Lolita in Tehran gained international acclaim and was translated into 32 languages.
Miniature painting came to full flower in the second half of the 15th century. The greatest figure in this field was Bihzad, whose limited surviving work is highly prized. The School of Herat was composed of his followers.
Abbas Kiarostami (b.1940) is an influential and controversial postrevolutionary filmmaker who is highly respected in the international film community.

Economy

Iran’s unemployment rate


Iran’s trade


 
Money


Prices


Labor

 
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)


Business


Steel production


Farming
About 12% of Iran’s lands are under plantation.
Iran is the biggest producer and seller of the following products in the world:
Saffron, pistachio, caviar and barberry.
Also Iran is among second to tenth countries that produce and sell the following products:
Apricot, persimmon, watermelon, cherries, cantaloupe, apple, cucumber, quince, almond, walnut, tea, honey, peach, orange, tangerine, tomato, grape, black cherry, kiwi.